![]() ![]() ![]() The other shows a perfectly stranded Litz wire approach (a perfect Milliken conductor), resulting in a homogenized current density distribution. The first example assumes the central conductors to consist of solid copper, resulting in a typical skin- and proximity effect. In addition to this, we demonstrate two different ways of modeling the central conductors. The twist suppresses the armor currents the armor losses go down significantly, and the inductance goes up. The configuration that has the armor twist included is referred to as a “2.5D model”, since it is a 2D model, with some 3D effects included. For several configurations, the losses are evaluated. The tutorial focuses on methods that allow you to approximate the wire twist in 2D, both for the magnetic armor and for the phases. To investigate this further, the Inductive Effects tutorial builds a 2D/2.5D inductive model that includes out-of-plane currents only.Īnimation of the current density induced in the cable’s armor and screens, for solid bonding and with armor twisting included. ![]() In addition to this, 3D twist models will show you that although the field and loss distribution is a bit different in 3D, the lumped quantities (the resistance and inductance) computed by 2D and 2.5D models are actually quite accurate. This part of the series builds on the previous two tutorials, which show that there is a weak coupling between the inductive and capacitive parts of the cable. Total Accumulated Charging Current at Ground Point/Intersection The Bonding Capacitive tutorial analyzes the current buildup for different bonding types as well as the corresponding losses. The charging currents that leak into the screen build up along the cable and reach a maximum at the ground point, or intersection. Right: The norm of the resulting charging current accumulated along the cable (for cross bonding). Left: The 2D axisymmetric geometry of an isolated phase with three separate bonding sections and a different scale for transverse and longitudinal directions. It shows you how to perform basic tasks, such as:įeel free to skip ahead if you feel these topics are old hat to you. This primer allows you to get acquainted with the user-friendly desktop environment of the COMSOL Multiphysics® software, and with numerical modeling in general. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons. You’ll also get a detailed overview on what to expect in the other seven parts of the series.Ī submarine cable similar to the one modeled throughout this series. Part 1 of the tutorial series is where you meet the model - a three-core lead-sheathed XLPE HVAC (cross-linked polyethylene, high-voltage alternating current) submarine cable with a twisted magnetic armor. The beginning is a very good place to start, as most would say. Part 1: Introducing the Basics and Fundamentals of Cable Modeling The 3D twist models (Part 7 and 8) are discussed in another blog post: Using 3D Models to Investigate Inductive Effects in a Submarine Cable. Note that the models discussed in this blog post are 2D only (Part 1 to 6 of the series). It has since been updated to reflect the updated tutorial series. Keep reading for a sneak peek of what you’ll learn when you roll up your sleeves and start the series.Įditor’s note: This blog post was originally published on December 29, 2017. The numerical model is based on standard cable designs and validated by reported figures. The Cable Tutorial Series shows how to model an industrial-scale cable in the COMSOL Multiphysics® software and add-on AC/DC Module, and also serves as an introduction to modeling electromagnetic phenomena in general. Want a roadmap to modeling cables? We have an eight-part tutorial series for you. ![]()
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